Comprehensive and safe school strategy during COVID-19 pandemic

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• The efficacy of school closures for pandemic control remains debated.
• The role of children and teenagers in SARS-CoV-2 diffusion is unclear, with potential greater influence from adults.
• School closures negatively impact students, teachers, and parents, especially in disadvantaged communities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss children's safety in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• To identify effective strategies for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in educational settings.
• To evaluate the balance between pandemic control and the negative consequences of school closures.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing studies on school closure efficacy and COVID-19 transmission.
• Analysis of the impact of school closures on social and economic factors.
• Evaluation of preventive measures for SARS-CoV-2 in schools.

Main Results:

• Children generally experience mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections.
• Keeping schools open is recommended to mitigate social and economic problems, provided preventive measures are strictly followed.
• Universal mask use (from age 6), hand hygiene, and safe distancing are effective in reducing school-based transmission.
• Telemedicine can support schools by managing suspected cases and addressing pediatric health issues.

Conclusions:

• Schools should remain open during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Addressing safety concerns and reducing infection risk are necessary for complete school safety.
• Harmonized international guidelines are needed to clarify protocols and ensure compliance among students, teachers, and staff.