Experimental Rodent Models of Vascular Dementia: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Neurology
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Vascular Dementia (VaD) results from cerebrovascular insufficiency, causing reduced brain blood flow and cognitive impairment.
• Key causes include hypoperfusion, stroke, hypertension, large/small vessel diseases, hemorrhage, CADASIL, and CAA.
• Metabolic disorders like Diabetes Mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia are associated with VaD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on the basis, risk factors, and pathophysiology of Vascular Dementia (VaD).
• To explore the mechanisms underlying VaD and its associated molecular pathways.
• To update information on the advantages, limitations, and modifications of rodent experimental models for VaD research.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on Vascular Dementia (VaD).
• Analysis of various rodent experimental models mimicking VaD pathological conditions.
• Synthesis of information on risk factors, pathophysiology, and molecular mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Identified numerous causes and risk factors contributing to VaD and Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI).
• Highlighted the role of cerebrovascular insufficiency and metabolic disorders in VaD.
• Cataloged diverse rodent models relevant for investigating VaD mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Rodent models are crucial for understanding VaD's molecular mechanisms and developing new therapeutics.
• A comprehensive understanding of VaD pathophysiology aids in evaluating and modifying experimental models.
• This review provides an updated perspective on VaD research using animal models.