Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.4K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.4K
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

3.5K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.5K
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

8.8K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
8.8K
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

7.3K
Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
7.3K
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

2.5K
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
2.5K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

8.1K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
8.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SREBP2 restricts osteoclast differentiation and activity by regulating IRF7 and limits inflammatory bone erosion.

Bone research·2024
Same author

David Oliver: The risk assessment for NHS England's long term workforce plan should worry doctors.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2024
Same author

Duty of candour: BMJ investigation reveals patchy enforcement by regulatory agencies.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2024
Same author

David Oliver: How well is the duty of candour enforced in the NHS?

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2024
Same author

The GMC's future vision for medical training must be challenged.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2024
Same author

David Oliver: Senior medical leaders have mishandled doctors' concerns over physician and anaesthesia associates.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro
07:51

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro

Published on: March 18, 2019

6.2K

MEF2C regulates osteoclastogenesis and pathologic bone resorption via c-FOS.

Takayuki Fujii1, Koichi Murata1,2,3, Se-Hwan Mun1

  • 1Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA.

Bone Research
|January 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MEF2C regulates osteoclast differentiation, a key process in bone resorption. This study reveals MEF2C

More Related Videos

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
07:03

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

Published on: June 16, 2022

6.9K
A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
09:37

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro
07:51

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro

Published on: March 18, 2019

6.2K
A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
07:03

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

Published on: June 16, 2022

6.9K
A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
09:37

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology and Metabolism
  • Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mineral density due to imbalanced bone remodeling.
  • The MEF2C gene is linked to osteoporosis and fractures, but its role in osteoclasts is unknown.
  • Osteoclasts are crucial for bone resorption, a process dysregulated in metabolic bone diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of MEF2C in osteoclast differentiation and function.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which MEF2C influences osteoclastogenesis.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting MEF2C in bone loss conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed MEF2C's impact on osteoclast differentiation in vitro using human and mouse cells.
  • Employed transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses to identify MEF2C-regulated genes.
  • Utilized inducible Mef2c deletion in mice to study its in vivo effects on bone mass and arthritis models.

Main Results:

  • MEF2C acts as a positive regulator of osteoclast differentiation; reduced MEF2C impairs osteoclastogenesis, while increased MEF2C enhances it.
  • MEF2C promotes RANKL-induced expression of c-FOS and NFATc1, critical transcription factors for osteoclast formation.
  • MEF2C directly binds to FOS regulatory regions, driving c-FOS expression and subsequent NFATc1 activation.
  • Mice with Mef2c deletion exhibited increased bone mass and protection against inflammatory arthritis-induced bone erosion.

Conclusions:

  • MEF2C directly regulates osteoclast differentiation and function.
  • Targeting MEF2C offers a potential strategy for treating osteoporosis and related bone disorders.
  • This study identifies osteoclasts as a key cell type influenced by MEF2C in pathological bone remodeling.