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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 22, 2025

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Published on: December 8, 2014

N2b Reflects the Cognitive Changes in Executive Functioning After Concussion: A Scoping Review.

Sophie N Krokhine¹, Nathalee P Ewers^1,2, Kiersten I Mangold^1,3

¹Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL) Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

|January 11, 2021

Summary

The N2b event-related potential (ERP) component reflects executive functions like conflict management and inhibition. While N2b shows potential for assessing concussion-related cognitive deficits, findings on its amplitude in concussion patients are currently inconclusive.

Keywords:

brain injury concussion event-related potentials evoked potential mild traumatic brain injuries sports-related head injury

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Last Updated: Nov 22, 2025

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

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Published on: December 8, 2014

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Development and Implementation of a Multi-Disciplinary Technology Enhanced Care Pathway for Youth and Adults with Concussion

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Published on: January 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Clinical Neurophysiology

Background:

The N2b event-related potential (ERP) is recognized for indexing higher-order executive functions.
Executive functioning deficits are commonly associated with concussion, yet N2b's role in this context is under-researched.
Discrepancies exist in the literature regarding N2b findings in concussion populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To consolidate understanding of cognitive functions associated with the N2b.
To investigate the N2b's utility in evaluating executive functioning after concussion.
To reconcile conflicting findings on N2b amplitude in concussion studies.

Main Methods:

A scoping review methodology was employed.
Studies included N2b measurements in both healthy controls and individuals with concussion.
Inclusion criteria focused on research examining N2b and cognitive function in head injury contexts.

Main Results:

The N2b reliably indicates stimulus-response conflict management, response selection, and inhibition.
Nineteen studies investigating concussion (mild head injury, mild traumatic brain injury) reported varied N2b amplitude results.
Observed N2b amplitude changes in concussion groups included increases, decreases, or no change across studies.

Conclusions:

N2b amplitude variations are linked to deficits in response selection, conflict processing, and inhibition in concussion.
Methodological inconsistencies across studies render the directionality of N2b effects in concussion inconclusive.
Future research necessitates greater standardization and consistency in methodology for clearer insights.