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Related Experiment Video

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First-Episode Psychotic Patients Showed Longitudinal Brain Changes Using fMRI With an Emotional Auditory Paradigm.

Carlos González-Vivas1, Gracián García-Martí2,3, Pau Soldevila-Matías1,4

  • 1INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Clinical University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|January 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in first-episode psychosis (FEP) found decreased amygdala and hippocampus activation over time. Emotional processing paradigms are crucial for understanding brain changes in psychosis.

Keywords:
emotional design modelfMRI—functional magnetic resonance imagingfirst episode psychosis (FEP)follow uplongitudinalparadigm

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Previous longitudinal fMRI studies in first-episode psychosis (FEP) often used cognitive tasks, showing increased activation post-medication.
  • Emotional processing deficits are implicated in psychosis, yet longitudinal neuroimaging data using emotional paradigms are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate longitudinal changes in brain activation using an emotional auditory paradigm in FEP patients compared to healthy controls.
  • To explore the role of emotional processing in the neurobiology of psychosis over time.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal fMRI study involving 34 FEP patients and 13 healthy controls.
  • Emotional and non-emotional words were presented during fMRI scans at baseline and follow-up (25-month interval).
  • Analysis focused on blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes in response to emotional stimuli.

Main Results:

  • FEP patients exhibited decreased fMRI activation in the amygdala and hippocampus at follow-up compared to controls.
  • Increased activation was observed in the middle frontal gyrus in patients.
  • Significant heterogeneity in individual brain activation patterns was noted.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of neuroimaging paradigm is critical for studying psychosis.
  • The amygdala and hippocampus are key brain regions involved in the pathophysiology of psychosis.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the heterogeneity of treatment response at the individual level.