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Related Concept Videos

Attitudes01:54

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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
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Explicit (Not Implicit) Attitudes Mediate the Focus of Attention During Sentence Processing.

Oleksandr V Horchak1, Margarida Vaz Garrido1

  • 1Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.

Frontiers in Psychology
|January 11, 2021
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Summary

Focusing on environmental problems, not protagonist emotions, improves information recall. Individual environmental awareness also impacts attention during reading and comprehension processes.

Keywords:
comprehender characteristicsenvironmental attitudelanguage comprehensionprotagonist dimensionsituation model

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Environmental Psychology
  • Natural Language Processing

Background:

  • Comprehenders typically monitor protagonists' emotions and actions.
  • Understanding how attention focus influences information accessibility is crucial for comprehension studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how focusing attention on protagonist attributes (emotional vs. action state) affects information accessibility.
  • To examine if participants' environmental attitudes modulate comprehension processes.
  • To explore the interplay between sentence focus, environmental awareness, and comprehension.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using sentences about environmental issues.
  • Experiment 1 involved a self-report task rating the seriousness and frequency of environmental problems.
  • Experiment 2 used a sentence-picture verification paradigm to assess object mention recall.

Main Results:

  • Focusing on environmental problems, rather than protagonist emotions/actions, enhanced information accessibility.
  • Comprehender's environmental awareness level influenced attention during sentence processing.
  • Comprehender characteristics modulated explicit, but not implicit, comprehension processes.

Conclusions:

  • Sentence focus significantly impacts the accessibility of information related to environmental issues.
  • Individual differences in environmental awareness play a role in attention allocation during reading.
  • Explicit measures are more sensitive to the influence of comprehender characteristics on comprehension.