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Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
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Thyroid Storm: Unusual Presentation and Complication.

Maan A Albehair1, Abdulrahman A Alagga1, Weaam Z Ghulam1

  • 1College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU.

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|January 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid storm, a severe hyperthyroidism complication, can be triggered by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This case highlights rare but serious outcomes like congestive heart failure and fulminant hepatic failure.

Keywords:
congestive heart failureepstein-barr virus (ebv)fulminant hepatic failurethyroid storm

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid storm is a life-threatening endocrine emergency with exaggerated hyperthyroid symptoms.
  • Precipitating factors are crucial for thyroid storm development, with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) emerging as a potential trigger.
  • Rare complications such as fulminant hepatic failure and congestive heart failure significantly increase mortality risk.

Observation:

  • A 46-year-old male presented with symptoms suggestive of thyroid storm, including fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and palpitations.
  • The patient developed rapid atrial fibrillation, requiring intubation and ICU admission due to apnea after sedation for cardioversion.
  • Diagnostic workup revealed positive anti-EBV viral capsid antigen IgM antibodies, indicating EBV infection.

Findings:

  • The case illustrates a rare instance of thyroid storm precipitated by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
  • The patient experienced severe complications, including congestive heart failure and fulminant hepatic failure, alongside rapid atrial fibrillation.
  • Despite the severity, the patient was successfully managed and discharged after a 14-day hospital stay.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering EBV as a precipitating factor in thyroid storm.
  • Rare but critical complications like fulminant hepatic failure and congestive heart failure must be recognized and managed promptly in thyroid storm patients.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of EBV in triggering thyroid storm and its associated complications.