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Early intervention for children with/at risk of developmental coordination disorder: a scoping review
Jill G Zwicker1,2,3,4,5, Emily J Lee6,7
1Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Insights
Early intervention for children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) shows promising results. Motor-based programs can benefit young children at risk, but more research is needed to establish best practices.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Rehabilitation
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Occupational Therapy
Background:
- Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) affects motor skills in young children.
- Early identification and intervention are crucial for managing DCD.
- Evidence for early intervention strategies is still developing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on early identification of DCD in children aged 5 years and younger.
- To summarize findings on motor-based early intervention for children with or at risk of DCD.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive scoping review methodology was employed.
- Over 11,000 articles were screened for relevance.
- 103 articles were included, focusing on identification and/or intervention.
Main Results:
- Most intervention studies (22 articles) showed low levels of evidence but indicated benefits of early intervention.
- Intervention can be delivered through various models: whole class, small groups, or individually.
- Parent and educator training are vital components of early intervention programs.
Conclusions:
- Emerging evidence suggests early intervention is beneficial for children with or at risk of DCD.
- Further research is required to define optimal early intervention practices.
- Long-term studies are needed to confirm if early intervention prevents negative developmental and psychosocial outcomes.
Aim:
To summarize current evidence for early identification and motor-based intervention for children aged 5 years and younger of age with/at risk of developmental coordination disorder (DCD).
Method:
Using scoping review methodology, we independently screened over 11 000 articles and selected those that met inclusion criteria.
Results:
Of the 103 included articles, 78 articles were related to early identification and are summarized in a companion article. Twenty-two articles focused on early intervention, with an additional three articles covering both early identification and intervention. Most intervention studies were at a low level of evidence, but provide encouraging evidence that early intervention is beneficial for young children with/at risk of DCD. Direct intervention can be provided to whole classes, small groups, or individuals according to a tiers of service delivery model. Educating and building the capacity of parents and early childhood educators are also key elements of early intervention.
Interpretation:
Evidence for early intervention for children with/at risk of DCD is emerging with promising results. Further studies are needed to determine best practice for early intervention and whether intervening early can prevent the negative developmental trajectory and secondary psychosocial consequences associated with DCD.
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