Elucidation of the Higher Basidiomycetes Enzyme Activity in Dependence on the Medicinal Mushroom Inoculum Form, Precultivation Medium, Age, and Size

The impact of five mushroom inoculum form, age, size, and precultivation medium on the lignocellulose-deconstracting enzyme (LCDE) production was evaluated in the submerged fermentation of mandarin marc. The results obtained evidence that an adaptation of individual fungi to lignocellulose during maintenance in culture collection and inoculum cultivation may be useful for the production of individual LCDE. Homogenization of submerged mycelium was beneficial for all LCDE production by Cerrena unicolor 305 and Ganoderna lucidum 447 and for LME secretion by Coriolopsis gallica 142 and Trametes multicolor 511. Finely chopped mycelial agar favored CMCase and xylanase production by T. multicolor 511 and LiP secretion by C. unicolor 305 and G. lucidum 447 while homogenized mycelial agar proved to be the worst form of inoculum for the production of most enzymes. Four-days inoculum was the most appropriate for the laccase and MnP production by G. lucidum 447 and T. multicolor 511 while the 7-days mycelium provided the highest yields of these enzymes in the cultivation of C. unicolor 305. Use of the 12-days homogenized mycelium from the late stationary phase resulted in lowest laccase activity of all fungi but provided the highest cellulase activity. Overall, the study showed that the LCDE activity and their accumulation profiles in the cultures with different inoculum size was species dependent.