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Therapeutic options for COVID-19: a quick review
Muhammad Sani Ismaila1, Faruku Bande2, Aminu Ishaka3
1Deparment of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)
|January 11, 2021
Summary
Researchers reviewed emerging and re-emerging therapeutic compounds for COVID-19 management. Current options show promise but a single, specific treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 remains elusive, necessitating further research.
Area of Science:
- Virology and Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- The emergence of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has spurred extensive research into therapeutic interventions.
- Existing therapeutic options are in various stages of clinical trials, with outcomes yet to be definitively determined.
- A comprehensive overview of available COVID-19 management strategies is crucial for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and summarize emerging and re-emerging therapeutic compounds and drugs used in COVID-19 management.
- To highlight the prospects and potential adverse effects of these therapeutic agents.
- To provide an informed basis for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in selecting treatment options.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of studies on COVID-19 therapeutics.
- Data retrieval from major scientific repositories including Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar.
- Inclusion of experimental and clinical studies, focusing on therapeutic agents and their efficacy.
Main Results:
- A total of 39 studies were reviewed, with 66.67% being clinical trials, 30.77% in vitro studies, and 2.56% animal studies.
- Antiviral agents constituted the largest category (38.46%), followed by antimalarials (10.26%) and immunotherapeutics (10.26%).
- Arbidol dominated antiviral research, while anticoagulants (e.g., teicoplanin) and antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin/hydroxychloroquine) also showed significant use. Dexamethasone demonstrated effectiveness in patients requiring respiratory support.
Conclusions:
- The search for effective COVID-19 therapeutics is ongoing, with a notable focus on antiviral agents.
- Current therapeutic landscape is diverse, involving antivirals, antimalarials, immunotherapeutics, and supportive treatments like anticoagulants and antibiotics.
- A definitive, single therapeutic agent for COVID-19 is not yet established, underscoring the need for continued research into more potent and safer drug candidates.
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