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Biofilms

Biofilms

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...

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Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants

Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants

Published on: June 24, 2018

Biofilms on Restorative Materials.

Gottfried Schmalz^1,2, Fabian Cieplik³

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, Gottfried.Schmalz@klinik.uni-regensburg.de.

Monographs in Oral Science

|January 11, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Dental restorative materials can host biofilms, contributing to oral diseases and systemic infections. Material roughness and surface chemistry are key factors, but the ideal biofilm-resistant material remains elusive.

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Last Updated: Nov 22, 2025

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Concurrent Quantification of Cellular and Extracellular Components of Biofilms

Concurrent Quantification of Cellular and Extracellular Components of Biofilms

Published on: December 10, 2013

Area of Science:

Dental biomaterials science
Microbiology
Surface science

Background:

Biofilms on dental restorative materials are implicated in caries, gingival inflammation, and systemic infections.
These biofilms can alter the properties of dental materials.
Understanding biofilm formation on these substrates is critical for oral health.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the factors influencing biofilm formation on dental restorative materials.
To assess current methods for investigating biofilms on these materials.
To identify future research directions for preventing biofilm-related issues.

Main Methods:

Review of in vitro, in situ, and in vivo studies on dental material biofilms.
Analysis of various endpoints measuring biofilm formation and effects.
Evaluation of the role of surface properties like roughness and chemistry.

Main Results:

Material roughness and surface chemistry are more critical than wettability or surface free energy (SFE) for biofilm formation.
The in vivo acquired pellicle significantly influences biofilm development, masking initial surface properties.
Current prevention relies on oral hygiene and material polishing, with limited success from incorporated antimicrobials.

Conclusions:

The optimal biofilm-preventive dental restorative material has not yet been developed.
Future research should focus on understanding the biofilm matrix (extracellular polymeric substance) and employing ecology-based strategies.
Modifying dysbiotic biofilms associated with disease is a promising avenue.