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Related Concept Videos

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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History01:28

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Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical to patient care. It allows healthcare professionals to identify and manage various respiratory conditions. The process involves a combination of subjective and objective data collection.
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The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs
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Halitosis.

Virginia Ortiz1, Andreas Filippi2

  • 1Clinic of Oral Surgery, Center of Salivary Diagnostics and Hyposalivation, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, virginia.ortiz@unibas.ch.

Monographs in Oral Science
|January 11, 2021
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Summary

Halitosis, or bad breath, is linked to oral biofilms. Understanding key bacteria in these biofilms can lead to better treatments for this common condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral microbiology
  • Biochemistry of malodor

Background:

  • Halitosis significantly impacts quality of life.
  • Oral malodor is often caused by intraoral microbial populations, especially tongue biofilm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate oral biofilms with halitosis.
  • To identify key bacteria species contributing to oral malodor.
  • To explore novel treatment concepts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on oral biofilms and halitosis.
  • Identification of primary bacterial culprits in oral malodor.
  • Analysis of current and emerging treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Oral biofilms, particularly on the tongue, are a primary source of halitosis.
  • Specific bacterial species within biofilms are strongly associated with oral malodor.
  • Current treatments focus on oral hygiene and addressing local factors.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting specific bacteria within oral biofilms offers promising therapeutic avenues.
  • Further research into novel approaches for managing oral biofilms is warranted.
  • Effective halitosis management requires a comprehensive understanding of oral microbiome dynamics.