Cornel Iridoid Glycoside Regulates Modification of Tau and Alleviates Synaptic Abnormalities in Aged P301S Mice

Alzheimer's disease (AD), also defined as a tauopathology, is a common neurodegenerative disease. Hyper-phosphorylation, cleavage or truncation, and aggregation of tau contribute to AD. Thus, targeting the post-translational modifications on tau may be a therapeutic strategy to treat AD. This study understood how cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) affects tau post-translational modifications and synaptic abnormalities. The 10-month old P301S tau transgenic mice were given CIG at 100 and 200 mg/kg every day orally for 1 month. Hyperphosphorylated and truncated tau, synapse-associated proteins and glutamatergic receptors were all detected using Western blotting. The interactions between Morroniside (MOR) or Loganin (LOG) and tau were detected using Autodock and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The effects of CIG on the aggregation of tau were investigated using a cell-free system. CIG attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation at Thr205, Ser212, Ser262, Thr231 and Ser235 (AT180), but had no effect on tau truncation in the brains of 10-month old P301S mice. Binding free energies and interactions revealed that MOR and LOG bound with tau. We also found that CIG upregulated synapse-associated proteins such as PSD-95, syntaxin1A and synaptotagmin. In addition, CIG restored N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor and glutamate receptor levels. CIG improves post-translational modification of tau as well as synaptic abnormalities. The data presented here reveal that CIG may be used in the treatment of AD.