Fumonisin B₁: Mechanisms of toxicity and biological detoxification progress in animals

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Toxicology
• Food Safety

Background:

• Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium molds.
• FB1 contaminates food and feed, posing significant health risks.
• It is associated with systemic toxicity, including neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review toxicity studies on Fumonisin B1.
• To outline mechanisms of FB1-induced immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, joint toxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy.
• To summarize recent advancements in FB1 detoxification strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of toxicity studies.
• Analysis of research on FB1 detoxification methods.
• Synthesis of information on FB1's toxicological mechanisms.

Main Results:

• FB1 exhibits diverse toxic effects on mammalian systems.
• Mechanisms include disruption of sphingolipid metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy.
• Recent research shows progress in developing effective FB1 detoxification techniques.

Conclusions:

• FB1 poses a considerable threat to human and animal health through contaminated food and feed.
• Understanding FB1 toxicity mechanisms is crucial for developing mitigation strategies.
• Advancements in detoxification offer promising solutions for reducing FB1's impact.