Multifunctional Self-Assembled Films for Rapid Hemostat and Sustained Anti-infective Delivery

Uncontrolled bleeding and infection are the major causes of death and morbidity from traumatic wounds during military conflicts, disasters, and accidents. Because immediate treatment is critical to survival, it is desirable to have a lightweight and rapidly applicable bandage-one capable of delivering a hemostat that can quickly resolve bleeding while addressing infection over short and longer time frames. It is challenging to design thin film coatings capable of multidrug release, particularly when the drugs are quite different in nature (biologic versus small molecule, charged versus neutral) and the desired release profiles are different for each drug. Herein we have adopted a layer-by-layer film assembly technique to create a linear combination of two independently functional films capable of rapidly releasing thrombin within minutes while sustaining vancomycin elution for more than 24 h. By conjugating vancomycin to a hydrolytically degradable polyacid, poly(β-L-malic acid), we were able to create a robust thin film with loading and release kinetics that remain unaffected by the additional deposition of a thrombin-based film, demonstrating the possibility for future multitherapeutic films with independently tunable release kinetics.