Natural Extracellular Matrix for Cellular and Tissue Biomanufacturing.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Natural extracellular matrices (ECM) from tissues or cells are vital for biocompatible scaffolds.
• ECM composition is heterogeneous and specific to tissue or cell type.
• ECM-based products promote host tissue integration and functional restoration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of biomanufacturing approaches for natural ECM in cellular and tissue engineering.
• To discuss challenges and potential solutions for translational applications of ECM-based products.

Main Methods:

• Native tissue-derived ECM processed into powders for hydrogels, foams, nanofibers, and 3D constructs.
• Cell-derived ECM produced by seeding cells on scaffolds or using cell sheet engineering for 3D constructs.
• Modification of ECM products with cross-linking reagents or bioactive factors to enhance properties.

Main Results:

• Diverse biomanufacturing strategies exist for both native tissue and cell-derived ECM.
• ECM-based scaffolds and constructs can be tailored for specific tissue engineering applications.
• Enhancements in mechanical strength, in vivo stability, and biological performance are achievable through modifications.

Conclusions:

• Biomanufacturing of ECM-based products offers promising avenues for tissue engineering.
• Addressing challenges in translation is crucial for clinical application of these advanced biomaterials.
• Further research into optimizing ECM processing and modification holds significant potential.