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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

A Rapid, Multiplex Dual Reporter IgG and IgM SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Assay for a Multiplexed Bead-Based Flow Analysis System
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Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Detection Using Electrochemical Immunosensor.

Biljana Mojsoska1, Sylvester Larsen1, Dorte Aalund Olsen2,3

  • 1Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new label-free electrochemical immunoassay detects SARS-CoV-2 using anti-spike antibodies on graphene. This rapid, portable sensor offers on-site diagnosis, outperforming qPCR analysis times.

Keywords:
2019-nCoVCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2biosensorcoronadiagnosticselectrochemical sensingimmunosensorspike proteinvoltammetry

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Biosensors
  • Nanomaterials

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates rapid diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
  • Current methods like qPCR can be time-consuming and require specialized facilities.
  • Developing faster, on-site diagnostic solutions is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a proof-of-concept label-free electrochemical immunoassay for rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection.
  • To utilize a graphene working electrode functionalized with anti-spike antibodies.
  • To enable on-site diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a graphene electrode functionalized with anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies.
  • Electrochemical detection using ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe.
  • Measurement of current perturbation upon antigen binding.
  • Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and viral particles.

Main Results:

  • The immunosensor detected recombinant spike protein subunit 1 at concentrations above 260 nM (20 µg/mL).
  • SARS-CoV-2 was detected at 5.5 × 10^5 PFU/mL, a physiologically relevant concentration.
  • The assay demonstrated significantly faster analysis time compared to standard qPCR.
  • The sensor is operated by a portable device.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, label-free electrochemical immunoassay for rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection has been developed.
  • The graphene-based immunosensor shows promise for on-site, point-of-care diagnostics.
  • This technology offers a faster alternative to traditional diagnostic methods, aiding in timely infection control.