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Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

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Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
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New Data on Cylindrospermopsin Toxicity.

Mariela Chichova1, Oskan Tasinov2, Milena Shkodrova1

  • 1Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Toxins
|January 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a cyanotoxin in water, moderately harms human intestinal cells by reducing viability and epithelial regeneration. Oral exposure also impacted rat liver ATP synthase activity.

Keywords:
HIEC-6SSAOcylindrospermopsinheartlivermitochondriaratsemicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a prevalent cyanotoxin found in freshwater and food sources.
  • Understanding CYN's toxicological effects is crucial for public health risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the toxicity of Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) through various exposure routes and biological targets.
  • To assess the impact of CYN on rat mitochondria, liver enzymes, cardiac function, and human intestinal cells.

Main Methods:

  • Oral administration of CYN-contaminated water (0.25 nM) to rats.
  • In vitro application of CYN to rat liver mitochondria, diamine oxidase (DAO), frog heart preparations, and human intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC-6).
  • Assessed mitochondrial inner membrane permeability, ATP synthase (ATPase) activity, DAO activity, heart contraction force, and HIEC-6 cell viability.

Main Results:

  • Oral CYN exposure reduced the hydrolase activity of rat liver ATPase.
  • Short-term in vitro CYN application showed no significant effects on rat mitochondria, DAO activity, or frog heart contractions.
  • CYN significantly reduced HIEC-6 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting moderate toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Cylindrospermopsin exhibits moderate toxicity towards human intestinal epithelial cells, potentially suppressing epithelial regeneration.
  • CYN may induce pathological changes in the human gastrointestinal tract.
  • Differential effects observed between oral exposure and in vitro application warrant further investigation.