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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Experimental Models to Study COVID-19 Effect in Stem Cells.

Rishi Man Chugh1, Payel Bhanja1, Andrew Norris2,3

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.

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|January 12, 2021
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This review explores ex vivo models to study how coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects tissue stem cells. Understanding these models is crucial for developing treatments against SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic.
  • COVID-19 can lead to hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  • The virus induces tissue stem cell loss, impairing epithelial repair and causing fibrosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available ex vivo experimental models for studying COVID-19's impact on tissue stem cells.
  • To highlight the importance of clinically relevant models for understanding SARS-CoV-2 effects across different organs.
  • To provide insights into mechanisms of viral action and potential drug efficacy testing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ex vivo experimental models.
  • Analysis of studies investigating SARS-CoV-2 effects on tissue stem cells.
  • Discussion of model systems for assessing viral impact on stem cell function and tissue repair.

Main Results:

  • Limited ex vivo models currently exist to study SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms.
  • Existing models show COVID-19's detrimental effects on tissue stem cells and repair processes.
  • The need for advanced, clinically relevant models is evident.

Conclusions:

  • Ex vivo models are essential for understanding COVID-19's pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level.
  • Further development of these models will aid in evaluating therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
  • Studying the impact on tissue stem cells is critical for addressing long-term consequences of COVID-19.