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Mitochondrial DNA Replacement Techniques to Prevent Human Mitochondrial Diseases
Luis Sendra1,2, Alfredo García-Mares2, María José Herrero1,2
1Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 12, 2021
Summary
Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) offer a way to reduce the risk of passing on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases to children. While effective, these procedures do not eliminate the risk entirely and require global legal oversight.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive medicine
- Genetics
- Bioethics
Background:
- Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases are inherited disorders impacting energy production with no current cure.
- These conditions have a poor prognosis, making unaffected offspring a priority for affected families.
- Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) offer a potential solution for preventing transmission.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs).
- To identify and discuss the risks associated with MRTs.
- To review the ethical and legal considerations surrounding MRTs.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive bibliographic review was conducted.
- Searches included MEDLINE and Web of Science databases.
- Related clinical trials and news were also examined.
Main Results:
- Forty-eight publications were reviewed, identifying five distinct MRT procedures.
- The efficacy of these MRT procedures was compared.
- Key risks, ethical viewpoints, and legal aspects of MRTs were analyzed.
Conclusions:
- MRTs effectively minimize, but do not eliminate, the risk of transmitting mtDNA diseases.
- Further research into the long-term effects and safety of MRTs is warranted.
- Global legal regulation is necessary for the responsible implementation of MRTs.
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