Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Stimulation of Vascular Endothelial Cells Using Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Presence of Low-Density Lipoprotein
07:26

Stimulation of Vascular Endothelial Cells Using Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Presence of Low-Density Lipoprotein

Published on: August 12, 2025

484

The State of the Problem of Achieving Extremely Low LDL Levels

Victoria Korneva1, Tatiana Kuznetsova1, Ulrich Julius2

  • 1Petrozavodsk State University, Faculty Therapy Department, 185000 Lenin Ave., 33, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|January 12, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Achieving very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels below 1.4 mmol/L is linked to reduced cardiovascular risk. However, this review examines the safety and potential adverse effects of extremely low LDL-C concentrations.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels correlate with minimized cardiovascular risk in clinical trials.
  • Current guidelines recommend LDL-C concentrations below 1.4 mmol/L.
  • The safety and optimal minimum target for LDL-C remain subjects of ongoing research and debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze existing literature on the safety of achieving very low lipid spectrum parameters.
  • To evaluate potential unfavorable consequences associated with extremely low LDL-C levels.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding lipid-lowering targets.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of experimental and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of data concerning lipid profiles and cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Synthesis of evidence on the safety of intensive lipid-lowering therapies.

Main Results:

  • Studies indicate that extremely low LDL-C levels may be associated with certain adverse effects.
  • The benefits of achieving extremely low LDL-C must be weighed against potential risks.
  • Modern pharmacotherapies enable significant reduction of LDL-C levels.

Conclusions:

  • While low LDL-C is generally beneficial for cardiovascular health, the absolute minimum permissible levels require further investigation.
  • Clinical decisions on lipid-lowering targets should consider individual patient profiles and potential risks.
  • Continued research is essential to define safe and effective LDL-C targets.

Keywords:
Low-density lipoprotein CH (LDL-C)PCSK9 inhibitorsbrain function.diabetes mellitusimmune systemmalignant neoplasmsstatins

More Related Videos

LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring08:45

LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring

Published on: November 17, 2018

13.8K
Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles09:15

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles

Published on: November 10, 2017

14.9K

Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
1.1K
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
131
Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:18

Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements

Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
1.5K
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
432
Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
1.0K
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
476