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Ophthalmic corticosteroid therapy: systemic effects in the dog.

M B Glaze¹, M A Crawford, R F Nachreiner

¹Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

|January 1, 1988

Summary

Long-term ophthalmic corticosteroid use in dogs can cause adrenal suppression and liver changes. While muscles appeared normal, systemic effects warrant careful consideration for this treatment.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Endocrinology
Toxicology

Background:

Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy can occur in dogs, sometimes linked to ophthalmic preparations.
Adrenal suppression is a known side effect of systemic corticosteroids.

Observation:

A dog diagnosed with myopathy showed adrenal suppression linked to ophthalmic corticosteroid use.
Electromyography revealed abnormalities, but muscle biopsies were normal.

Findings:

Long-term ophthalmic 0.1% dexamethasone suspension in healthy dogs caused significant adrenal suppression.
Histopathology revealed liver changes, including vacuolated hepatocytes and glycogen accumulation, in treated dogs.
Muscle tissue remained histologically and electromyographically normal.

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Implications:

Ophthalmic corticosteroid use can lead to systemic adverse effects in dogs, notably adrenal suppression and hepatic changes.
This study highlights the importance of monitoring for systemic effects even with topical drug administration.
Further research may be needed to establish safe long-term protocols for ophthalmic corticosteroid use in canines.