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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.5K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.2K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.2K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.3K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
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Ultrafast hole spin qubit with gate-tunable spin-orbit switch functionality.

Florian N M Froning1, Leon C Camenzind1, Orson A H van der Molen1,2

  • 1University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Nature Nanotechnology
|January 12, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrated a new method for controlling hole spin qubits in germanium/silicon nanowires. This spin-orbit switch functionality allows for ultrafast manipulation and long coherence times, crucial for advancing quantum computing.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Spintronics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Quantum computers require precise control of qubits for complex computations.
  • Hole spins in germanium/silicon nanostructures offer strong, tunable spin-orbit interaction.
  • Optimizing qubit performance involves balancing manipulation speed, coherence, and addressability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate and utilize the spin-orbit switch functionality in hole spin qubits.
  • To optimize qubit performance by tuning Rabi frequency, coherence time, and Landé g-factor.
  • To achieve ultrafast manipulation and long coherence times for quantum information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized millivolt gate voltage changes to tune qubit properties.
  • Investigated hole spin qubits in one-dimensional germanium/silicon nanowires.
  • Measured Rabi frequency, driven coherence time, and Landé g-factor.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated spin-orbit switch functionality with on/off ratios of approximately seven.
  • Tuned Rabi frequency from 31 to 219 MHz.
  • Achieved driven coherence times between 7 and 59 ns.
  • Varied Landé g-factor from 0.83 to 1.27.
  • Reached spin-flipping times as short as ~1 ns, approaching the strong driving regime.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated spin-orbit switch functionality in germanium/silicon nanowire qubits is a significant advancement for quantum computing.
  • Electrical tuning of spin-orbit interaction enables optimization of qubit performance for ultrafast manipulation and long coherence.
  • Further improvements in gate design can enhance the on/off ratios for even better control.