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Beyond Personal Experiences: Examining Mediated Vicarious Experiences as an Antecedent of Medical Mistrust

Lillie D Williamson1

  • 1Department of Communication Arts, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Health Communication
|January 12, 2021
PubMed

Insights

News stories about racial discrimination in healthcare significantly increase medical mistrust among African Americans. Exposure to health-related racial discrimination content heightened both race-based and general medical mistrust.

Area of Science:

  • Health communication
  • Medical sociology
  • Racial health disparities

Background:

  • African Americans report higher medical mistrust than White Americans, contributing to health disparities.
  • Existing research on medical mistrust often overlooks vicarious experiences, focusing instead on personal encounters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of news story content (healthcare vs. non-healthcare, racial discrimination vs. nonracial discrimination) on medical mistrust in African American adults.
  • To evaluate two common measures of medical mistrust.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 410 African American adults was randomly assigned to view one of four types of news stories.
  • An experimental design examined the effects of health care/non-health care and racial discrimination/nonracial discrimination content.

Main Results:

  • Both healthcare content and racial discrimination content individually increased race-based medical mistrust.
  • Exposure to health-related racial discrimination stories led to higher levels of both race-based and general medical mistrust compared to non-health, nonracial discrimination stories.

Conclusions:

  • News media content, particularly concerning racial discrimination in healthcare, can significantly influence medical mistrust within the African American community.
  • Findings have implications for health communication strategies aimed at reducing racial health disparities.

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