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Measuring Behavior and Social Cognition in FTLD.

Katherine P Rankin1

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. kate.rankin@ucsf.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|January 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Developing validated socioemotional measures is crucial for identifying and staging frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) syndromes. These tests must assess key brain networks, specifically the salience network (SN) and semantic appraisal network (SAN).

Keywords:
Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementiaEmotionIntrinsic functional networksMeasurementNeuropsychologySemantic variant primary progressive aphasiaSocial behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Changes in socioemotional cognition and behavior are early, central symptoms in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) syndromes.
  • Objective patient identification and staging necessitate validated socioemotional measures.
  • These measures should reflect the functioning of brain networks critical for socioemotional behavior, particularly the salience network (SN) and semantic appraisal network (SAN).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available socioemotional tests for their ability to reflect structural and functional changes in FTLD-specific SN and SAN networks.
  • To discuss the differential diagnostic utility of these tests in neurodegenerative disease syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of a subset of existing socioemotional tests.
  • Assessment of test evidence for reflecting FTLD-specific SN and SAN network changes.
  • Discussion of differential diagnostic utility in neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Results:

  • Challenges in developing appropriate FTLD tests include standardizing evaluations for idiosyncratic deficits, balancing precision with clinical scalability, and addressing cross-cultural complexities.
  • Evidence for how specific socioemotional tests reflect FTLD-related SN and SAN network alterations is discussed.
  • The differential diagnostic utility of reviewed tests across various neurodegenerative syndromes is examined.

Conclusions:

  • Validated socioemotional measures are essential for FTLD diagnosis and staging, targeting the SN and SAN.
  • Further development is needed to overcome challenges in creating standardized, scalable, and culturally sensitive socioemotional assessments for FTLD.
  • The reviewed tests offer insights into potential tools for differentiating FTLD from other neurodegenerative conditions based on socioemotional functioning.