A review on algal-bacterial symbiotic system for effective treatment of wastewater

Industrialization, urbanization and other anthropogenic activities releases different organic and inorganic toxic chemicals into the environment which prompted the water contamination in the environment. Different physical and chemical techniques have been employed to treat the contaminated wastewater, among them biological wastewater treatment using algae has been studied extensively to overwhelm the constraints related to the usually utilized wastewater treatment techniques. The presence of bacterial biota in the wastewater will form a bond with algae and act as a natural water purification system. The removal efficiency of single algae systems was very low in contrast with that of algal-bacterial systems. Heterotrophic microorganisms separate natural organic matter that is discharged by algae as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and discharges CO₂ that the algae can take up for photosynthesis. Algae bacteria associations offer an exquisite answer for tertiary and scrape medicines because of the capacity of micro-algae to exploit inorganic compounds for their development. Furthermore, for their ability to evacuate noxious contaminants, in this way, it does not prompt optional contamination. The present review contribute the outline of algae-bacteria symbiotic relationship and their applications in the wastewater treatment. The role of algae and bacteria in the wastewater treatment have been elucidated in this review. Moreover, the efforts have been imparted the importance of alage-bacteria consortium and its applications for various pollutant removal from the environment.