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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
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Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
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Stick around: Cell-Cell Adhesion Molecules during Neocortical Development.

David de Agustín-Durán1, Isabel Mateos-White1, Jaime Fabra-Beser1

  • 1Neural Development Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Biomedicina y Biotecnología (BIOTECMED) and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultat de Biología, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.

Cells
|January 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) guide neural cell development in the neocortex. This review highlights how classical cadherins and nectins cooperate to control corticogenesis.

Keywords:
CAMsaxon targetingclassical cadherinsnectinsneocortical developmentneurodevelopmental disordersneuronal migrationneuronsradial glia cellssynaptogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The neocortex develops through intricate cellular processes, including neural cell generation, migration, and circuit integration.
  • Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are crucial cell surface receptors mediating these interactions during neurodevelopment.
  • CAMs regulate cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion, impacting neural organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of classical cadherins and nectins, two key cell-cell adhesion molecule (C-CAM) families, in corticogenesis.
  • To emphasize the cooperative actions between cadherins and nectins during neocortex development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cell adhesion molecules in neurodevelopment.
  • Analysis of the functions of classical cadherins and nectins in corticogenesis.
  • Examination of the interplay between different C-CAM families.

Main Results:

  • Classical cadherins and nectins are critical for various aspects of corticogenesis.
  • These C-CAM families exhibit cooperative actions, influencing neural cell migration and circuit formation.
  • Effectors of cadherins and nectins play significant roles in regulating these developmental processes.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinated actions of classical cadherins and nectins are essential for proper neocortex formation.
  • Understanding these C-CAM interactions provides insights into the mechanisms of neurodevelopment.
  • Targeting C-CAMs may offer future therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.