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Related Concept Videos

Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

2.6K
In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of...
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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Three-dimensional Imaging of Nociceptive Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers in Human Skin Biopsies
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The Human Cutaneous Sensory Corpuscles: An Update.

Ramón Cobo1, Jorge García-Piqueras1,2, Juan Cobo3,4

  • 1Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|January 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Human skin sensory corpuscles, acting as low-threshold mechanoreceptors, are crucial for dermatological diagnosis. Understanding their structure and immunohistochemistry aids in diagnosing nerve involvement in various systemic and central nervous system diseases.

Keywords:
Meissner corpusclesPacinian corpusclesRuffini corpuscleshumansensory corpusclesskin sensory innervation

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Neuroscience
  • Histology

Background:

  • Human skin sensory corpuscles are specialized nerve endings functioning as low-threshold mechanoreceptors.
  • They comprise mechanosensory axons and non-neuronal glial cells, enclosed by connective tissue.
  • Pathologies are rare, but their structure is vital for dermatologists and pathologists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update and summarize current knowledge on the immunohistochemistry of human sensory corpuscles.
  • To provide essential information for dermatologists and skin pathologists regarding sensory corpuscle structure and function.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of cutaneous sensory corpuscle biopsies in neurological and systemic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on sensory corpuscle structure and immunohistochemistry.
  • Analysis of shared structural and protein compositions between sensory corpuscles and peripheral nerves.
  • Emphasis on the role of immunohistochemistry in characterizing sensory corpuscle components.

Main Results:

  • Sensory corpuscles are complex structures involving neural and glial elements, with varied morphologies.
  • Immunohistochemical profiles are essential for understanding their cellular composition and function.
  • Cutaneous biopsies of sensory corpuscles can reveal nerve involvement in systemic and central nervous system disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge of sensory corpuscle immunohistochemistry is crucial for dermatologists and pathologists.
  • Cutaneous biopsies offer a complementary diagnostic tool for assessing nerve involvement in various pathologies.
  • This updated information aids in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment evaluation of related diseases.