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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

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Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Updated: Nov 21, 2025

A Model of Reverse Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease by Aortic Debanding in Rats
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Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension: Cause or Consequence?

Kondababu Kurakula1, Valérie F E D Smolders2, Olga Tura-Ceide3,4,5

  • 1Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for CardioVascular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.

Biomedicines
|January 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction initiates pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by causing abnormal remodeling of pulmonary arteries. Targeting EC dysfunction offers potential therapeutic strategies for PAH.

Keywords:
EndoMTTGF-βendothelial dysfunctionepigeneticsinflammationpulmonary hypertensionvasoactive factors

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Cell Biology
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling and right ventricular failure.
  • Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a primary trigger for the vascular remodeling seen in PAH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advances in understanding the role of EC dysfunction in PAH.
  • To elaborate on the molecular signals orchestrating EC dysfunction in PAH and other forms of pulmonary hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on EC dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in EC dysfunction in PAH.

Main Results:

  • EC dysfunction triggers uncontrolled proliferation of vascular cells and leads to pulmonary vessel occlusion.
  • Associated factors include endothelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammation, apoptosis, and thrombus formation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding EC dysfunction mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies for PAH.
  • Targeting EC dysfunction presents a promising therapeutic avenue for managing PAH.