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Reconciling bubble nucleation in explosive eruptions with geospeedometers.

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Summary

Bubble number density (BND) in volcanic eruptions records magma decompression rates. This study reconciles BND data with other methods, showing heterogeneous nucleation on magnetite crystals aligns eruption dynamics records.

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Area of Science:

  • Volcanology
  • Geochemistry
  • Petrology

Background:

  • Plinian volcanic eruptions produce magma with abundant bubbles, formed as rising magma decompresses and volatiles supersaturate.
  • Bubble nucleation and volatile diffusion create a dynamic feedback influencing bubble growth and magma ascent.
  • Bubble number density (BND) is a potential proxy for magma decompression rates and eruption intensity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconcile discrepancies between decompression rates estimated from BND and independent geospeedometers.
  • To investigate the role of heterogeneous nucleation in magma bubble formation.
  • To validate BND as a reliable proxy for time-averaged decompression rates in volcanic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical modeling of bubble nucleation processes in rising magma.
  • Comparison of decompression rates derived from BND with data from established geospeedometers.
  • Analysis of the influence of heterogeneous nucleation, specifically magnetite crystal facilitation, on bubble formation.

Main Results:

  • The study reconciles the long-standing discrepancy in decompression rate estimations between BND and geospeedometers.
  • Numerical models demonstrate that BND accurately records time-averaged decompression rates when heterogeneous nucleation is considered.
  • Magnetite crystals are identified as key facilitators for heterogeneous bubble nucleation, improving BND-geospeedometer consistency.

Conclusions:

  • Bubble number density (BND) provides a reliable proxy for time-averaged magma decompression rates during volcanic eruptions.
  • Heterogeneous nucleation, facilitated by magnetite crystals, is crucial for accurately interpreting BND records.
  • This finding enhances our understanding of eruption dynamics and improves the interpretation of volcanic records.