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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Half metallicity in Cr substituted Fe2TiSn.

S Chaudhuri1, D Salas2, V Srihari3

  • 1Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India.

Scientific Reports
|January 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers tailored the band structure of Fe2TiSn by adding chromium, achieving a half-metallic ferromagnetic state. This controlled introduction of chromium in full Heusler alloys shows promise for spintronics applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • Band structure tailoring is key for achieving half-metallic electronic ground states.
  • Full Heusler alloys offer a promising platform for exploring novel electronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of chromium substitution on the electronic, magnetic, and transport properties of Fe2TiSn.
  • To achieve a half-metallic ferromagnetic ground state in Fe2CrxTi1-xSn alloys.

Main Methods:

  • Synchrotron X-ray diffraction for structural phase purity analysis.
  • Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy for local crystal structure studies.
  • Resistivity and magnetoresistance measurements to probe electronic transport properties.

Main Results:

  • Phase pure L21 cubic structures were obtained for Cr concentrations (x) up to 0.25.
  • Chromium inclusion induced localized magnetic moments and ferromagnetic interactions, dominating for x = 0.25.
  • Resistivity and magnetoresistance data indicated a half-metallic ground state.

Conclusions:

  • Band structure tailoring via chromium substitution in Fe2TiSn successfully induces half-metallicity.
  • The study highlights the potential of Fe2CrxTi1-xSn alloys for spintronics devices.
  • Changes in 3d-5p orbital hybridization support the observed half-metallic properties.