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Similarities and differences between HIV and SARS-CoV-2.

Francisco Illanes-Álvarez1, Denisse Márquez-Ruiz1, Mercedes Márquez-Coello1

  • 1Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain. Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA).

International Journal of Medical Sciences
|January 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics, both RNA viruses from animals, share similarities like population fear and inflammatory responses impacting gut microbiota and NETosis. These shared features influence clinical and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
AIDSCOVID-19HIVSARS-CoV-2pandemics

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and Immunology
  • Epidemiology of infectious diseases

Background:

  • The last 50 years have seen two major pandemics: HIV and SARS-CoV-2.
  • Both pandemics are caused by zoonotic RNA viruses.
  • These viruses, while different in transmission and symptoms, represent significant global health challenges.

Observation:

  • Despite distinct characteristics, HIV and SARS-CoV-2 share commonalities in their impact.
  • Both viral outbreaks induce population fear and heightened levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
  • Shared biological responses include modifications to the intestinal microbiota and NETosis (neutrophil extracellular trap formation) by polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

Findings:

  • The study highlights shared immunological and psychological responses to distinct RNA viral pandemics.
  • Increased proinflammatory cytokines are a common feature, affecting gut microbiota.
  • NETosis by neutrophils is implicated in both HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.

Implications:

  • Understanding these shared mechanisms can inform clinical management and therapeutic approaches for both pandemics.
  • Investigating commonalities may lead to cross-protective or broadly applicable treatment strategies.
  • The findings underscore the importance of considering host-pathogen interactions and systemic inflammation in pandemic responses.