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Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Integrated Photoacoustic Ophthalmoscopy and Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Published on: January 15, 2013
Spectral Domain - Optical Coherence Tomography findings in Triple-A Syndrome - A case series from Pakistan
Javeria Nasir1, Anum Javed2, Owais Arshad3
1Dr. Javeria Nasir, MBBS, MCPS. Department of Ophthalmology, Patel Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abstract:
Triple A Syndrome is an autosomal recessive entity involving multiple systems usually characterized by adrenal insufficiency, alacrimia and achalasia. The disease features include variable degrees of neurological and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. Protein ALADIN encoded by the AAAS gene is found to be defective in Triple A Syndrome. Here we discuss a case series of five patients diagnosed as Triple A Syndrome. Clinically there was variable degree of optic atrophy in all the cases, which was further confirmed with spectral domain Optical Coherence Tomography The aim of this study was to publish the OCT based ONFL graphs of these unique cases, so that being an ophthalmologist we can take a multidisciplinary approach and decisions accordingly.
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