Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

255
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
255
Visual System01:26

Visual System

1.4K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
1.4K
Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

1.2K
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
1.2K
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

638
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
638
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

823
Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
823
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

647
Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
647

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The effects of time and distance to definitive care on morbidity and mortality in pediatric injury patients in Northern Tanzania.

Journal of tropical pediatrics·2026
Same author

Newborns' Asymmetrical Processing of Order From Sequentially Presented Magnitudes.

Child development·2025
Same author

Emotional Movement Kinematics Guide Twelve-Month-Olds' Visual, but Not Manual, Exploration.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2025
Same author

Infants' Preference for ID Speech in Face and Voice Extends to a Non-Native Language.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2024
Same author

Fine-scale contemporary recombination variation and its fitness consequences in adaptively diverging stickleback fish.

Nature ecology & evolution·2024
Same author

Single-cell Senseless protein analysis reveals metastable states during the transition to a sensory organ fate.

iScience·2022
Same journal

Early and Chronic Postnatal Depression, Maternal Sensitivity to Non-Distress and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in an Indian Birth Cohort.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2026
Same journal

Infants Anticipate the Timing of Sounds From Dynamic Collision Events.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2026
Same journal

Dips in Development: Learning to Walk Temporarily Disrupts Infant Vocalization.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2026
Same journal

Infants' Multimodal Requests and Protests Elicit Responses From Mothers During Everyday Home Activities.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2026
Same journal

Melody and Lyrics Are Integrated by Late Infancy During Recognition of Music Learned at Home.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2026
Same journal

Joint Attention in Late Preterm Infants: Developmental Trajectory and Contribution of Maternal Interaction.

Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
07:31

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Published on: February 8, 2019

7.1K

Infants' learning of non-adjacent regularities from visual sequences.

Roberta Bettoni1,2, Hermann Bulf1,2, Shannon Brady3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Infancy : the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
|January 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants can learn non-adjacent dependencies (NAD) in visual sequences, a skill crucial for complex abilities. Older infants showed robust learning, while younger infants demonstrated emerging sensitivity, suggesting a domain-general developmental ability.

More Related Videos

A View of Their Own: Capturing the Egocentric View of Infants and Toddlers with Head-Mounted Cameras
03:56

A View of Their Own: Capturing the Egocentric View of Infants and Toddlers with Head-Mounted Cameras

Published on: October 5, 2018

7.8K
Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

8.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
07:31

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Published on: February 8, 2019

7.1K
A View of Their Own: Capturing the Egocentric View of Infants and Toddlers with Head-Mounted Cameras
03:56

A View of Their Own: Capturing the Egocentric View of Infants and Toddlers with Head-Mounted Cameras

Published on: October 5, 2018

7.8K
Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

8.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Tracking dependencies (adjacent and non-adjacent) is vital for complex cognitive functions like language.
  • Infant adjacent dependency learning is domain-general, but non-adjacent dependency processing was previously only shown in speech.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if infants can extract non-adjacent dependencies (NAD) in visual sequences.
  • To determine if NAD learning is a domain-general ability in infants.
  • To examine developmental changes in NAD processing.

Main Methods:

  • Habituation to visual sequences following an AxB grammar (A predicts B).
  • Testing 9- to 12-month-olds and 13- to 15-month-olds on familiar and novel sequences.
  • Analyzing infant recognition of the established grammar.

Main Results:

  • Older infants (13-15 months) successfully recognized the visual AxB grammar.
  • Younger infants (9-12 months) showed some sensitivity to NAD, but less robustly.
  • This indicates developmental progression in extracting non-adjacent dependencies.

Conclusions:

  • The ability to track non-adjacent dependencies is domain-general, extending to the visual domain.
  • Sensitivity to non-adjacent dependencies develops with age, similar to findings in the auditory domain.
  • This research provides foundational evidence for domain-general NAD learning in infancy.