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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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Pediatric Tumor Management: Current and Controversial.

Mihir M Thacker, Odion T Binitie, Antoinette W Lindberg

    Instructional Course Lectures
    |January 13, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reviews common pediatric bone and soft-tissue tumors. It highlights key diagnostic and management principles for these childhood conditions.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Oncology
    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Diagnostic Imaging

    Background:

    • Bone and soft-tissue tumors frequently occur in children.
    • Accurate diagnosis and timely management are crucial for pediatric patients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the essential workup for pediatric bone and soft-tissue tumors.
    • To discuss biopsy principles and differentiate bone cyst types.
    • To review management strategies for pathologic fractures and soft-tissue masses.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of diagnostic and management guidelines.
    • Analysis of current treatment approaches for pediatric tumors.
    • Discussion of recent advancements in the field.

    Main Results:

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    • Established protocols for tumor workup are essential.
    • Understanding unicameral and aneurysmal bone cysts aids diagnosis.
    • Effective management of pathologic fractures and soft-tissue masses requires specific strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • Familiarity with diagnostic workup and biopsy is critical for pediatric bone and soft-tissue tumors.
    • Differentiating bone cyst types and managing pathologic fractures are key components of care.
    • Current management approaches and recent advances in pediatric soft-tissue masses require ongoing attention.