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Nosocomial Infection.

Marin H Kollef1, Antoni Torres2, Andrew F Shorr3

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.

Critical Care Medicine
|January 13, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nosocomial infections in intensive care units (ICUs) are evolving, posing complex challenges. Enhanced prevention and treatment strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes in critical care settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hospital Epidemiology

Background:

  • Critical care has seen rapid advancements, akin to an industrial revolution, improving understanding and treatment of critical illnesses.
  • However, this progress has inadvertently increased the burden and complexity of nosocomial infections in intensive care units (ICUs).
  • The patient population in ICUs is increasingly elderly, immunosuppressed, and debilitated, contributing to infection challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of nosocomial infections in the critically ill.
  • To address the rapid evolution of pathogens, resistance patterns, and prevention strategies.
  • To highlight the impact of nosocomial infections on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and OVID.
  • Searches included peer-reviewed literature on nosocomial infections in critically ill patients.
  • Websites of government agencies involved in reporting and prevention were also consulted.

Main Results:

  • Nosocomial infections in ICUs are evolving across multiple domains: pathogens, prevalence, host factors, and antimicrobial resistance.
  • Emerging pathogens and increasing antimicrobial resistance are significant concerns.
  • The interaction between the host microbiome and infection occurrence is a key area of study.

Conclusions:

  • Nosocomial infections significantly impact outcomes for ICU patients.
  • Continuous research is essential to improve the prevention and treatment of these infections.
  • Increased efforts toward prevention are mandated by rising virulence and antimicrobial resistance.