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Increased Fecal Neopterin Parallels Gastrointestinal Symptoms in COVID-19
Felix Grabherr1, Maria Effenberger1, Alisa Pedrini1
1Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Introduction:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread from Wuhan, China, and become a worldwide pandemic. Most patients display respiratory symptoms but up to 50% report gastrointestinal symptoms. Neopterin is a surrogate marker for viral inflammation, and its production by macrophages is driven by interferon-γ.
Methods:
We measured fecal neopterin in 37 hospitalized COVID-19 patients not requiring intensive care measures and 22 healthy controls.
Results:
Fecal neopterin was elevated in stool samples from COVID-19 patients compared with that in samples from healthy controls. Especially, patients reporting gastrointestinal symptoms exhibited increased fecal neopterin values.
Discussion:
COVID-19 is associated with an inflammatory immune response in the gastrointestinal tract.
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