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Related Concept Videos

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis02:29

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

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Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
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Ethers from Alkenes: Alcohol Addition and Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration02:35

Ethers from Alkenes: Alcohol Addition and Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration

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Ethers can also be prepared from alkenes through acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols and alkoxymercuration–demercuration.
Preparation of Ethers by Acid-Catalyzed Addition of Alcohol to Alkenes
The acid-catalyzed addition of alcohol to an alkene involves treating the alkene with an excess of alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ether under suitable conditions. The hydrogen will add to the less substituted carbon so that the nucleophile can attack the more...
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Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

10.1K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
10.1K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.4K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes02:35

Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes

22.3K
In a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group in an alcohol is eliminated along with the hydrogen from an adjacent carbon. Here, the products are an alkene and a molecule of water. Dehydration of alcohols is generally achieved by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. While the dehydration of primary alcohols requires high temperatures and acid concentrations, secondary and tertiary alcohols can lose a water molecule under relatively mild conditions.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

1.4K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification
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Pore Engineering for One-Step Ethylene Purification from a Three-Component Hydrocarbon Mixture.

Baoyong Zhu1, Jian-Wei Cao2, Soumya Mukherjee3

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, P.R. China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 13, 2021
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Researchers developed new porous materials, NPU-1/2/3, for efficient ethylene separation. These materials selectively adsorb acetylene and ethane, enabling high-purity ethylene production from mixed C2 hydrocarbons.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Separating ethylene from acetylene and ethane is challenging due to similar physical properties.
  • Efficient ethylene production requires advanced separation techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel porous materials for selective C2 hydrocarbon separation.
  • To achieve high-purity ethylene production in a single step.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of three isostructural porous coordination networks (NPU-1, NPU-2, NPU-3) based on hexanuclear metal clusters.
  • Characterization of dual cage structures with tunable sizes.
  • Dynamic breakthrough experiments for gas mixture separation.
  • Molecular modeling to understand adsorption mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • NPU-1/2/3 exhibit dual cage structures capable of selective C2H2 and C2H6 adsorption over C2H4.
  • NPU-1 achieved >99.9% purity ethylene from a C2H2/C2H4/C2H6 mixture.
  • Adsorption selectivity is attributed to hydrogen bonding and non-covalent interactions within the cages.

Conclusions:

  • The developed porous coordination networks offer a promising solution for efficient ethylene separation.
  • Tunable dual cage structures are key to achieving high selectivity in C2 hydrocarbon mixtures.
  • This method enables cost-effective, high-purity ethylene production.