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Immunoglobulins in teleosts.
Sumaira Bilal1, Angela Etayo1, Ivar Hordvik2
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Immunogenetics
|January 13, 2021
Summary
Teleost fish possess three immunoglobulin isotypes: IgM, IgT, and IgD. Gene arrangement and alternative splicing regulate their expression, with IgT serving as the primary mucosal immunoglobulin.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Fish Biology
- Molecular Genetics
Background:
- Immunoglobulins (antibodies) are key immune molecules found on B-cells or secreted.
- Teleosts exhibit three main immunoglobulin isotypes: IgM, IgT, and IgD, each with distinct heavy and light chains.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the genetic organization and expression mechanisms of immunoglobulin isotypes in teleosts.
- To elucidate the roles of IgM and IgT in teleost immunity.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of teleost immunoglobulin heavy chain gene complex organization.
- Investigation of alternative splicing in regulating immunoglobulin expression.
- Comparative analysis of immunoglobulin structures across species.
Main Results:
- Teleost immunoglobulin diversity generation involves VDJ recombination and somatic hypermutation.
- The teleost immunoglobulin heavy chain gene complex exhibits a modified translocon arrangement, often with IgT genes located between variable and constant regions.
- Alternative splicing regulates the expression of IgM, IgD, and IgT, including secreted and transmembrane forms.
Conclusions:
- Teleost immunoglobulin gene organization is complex due to evolutionary events like genome duplication.
- IgM is crucial for systemic immunity, while IgT is the predominant immunoglobulin in mucosal immunity.
- Structural variations exist, particularly in IgD, across teleost species.
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