Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood
Published on: October 12, 2012
Pharmacogenetics of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review
Johanna Raymond1,2, Laurent Imbert2,3, Thibault Cousin1
1Pharmacy Department, Rouen University Hospital, 76031 Rouen, France.
Abstract:
Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and betrixaban are direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Their inter-individual variability in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics (transport and metabolism) is high, and could result from genetic polymorphisms. As recommended by the French Network of Pharmacogenetics (RNPGx), the management of some treatments in cardiovascular diseases (as antiplatelet agents, oral vitamin K antagonists, and statins) can rely on genetic testing in order to improve healthcare by reducing therapeutic resistance or toxicity. This paper is a review of association studies between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and systemic exposure variation of DOACs. Most of the results presented here have a lot to do with some SNPs of CES1 (rs2244613, rs8192935, and rs71647871) and ABCB1 (rs1128503, rs2032582, rs1045642, and rs4148738) genes, and dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. Regarding edoxaban and betrixaban, as well as SNPs in the CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genes, literature is scarce, and further studies are needed.
Related Concept Videos
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

