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Reconstructing GRACE-type time-variable gravity from the Swarm satellites.

H Maja P Richter1, Christina Lück2, Anna Klos3

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Scientific Reports
|January 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The European Space Agency's Swarm satellites help bridge the data gap between the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions. Combining Swarm and GRACE data significantly reduces noise and improves mass change estimates for Earth's hydrosphere.

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Area of Science:

  • Geodesy
  • Earth System Science
  • Satellite Remote Sensing

Background:

  • The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions provide crucial data on Earth's mass changes.
  • An 11-month data gap exists between the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions, limiting continuous monitoring of hydrological, cryospheric, and oceanic processes.
  • Accurate quantification of mass transport is vital for understanding climate dynamics and water resource management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To bridge the 11-month data gap between the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions.
  • To improve the resolution and accuracy of time-variable gravity models.
  • To assess the utility of European Space Agency's Swarm satellite data for monitoring Earth's mass changes.

Main Methods:

  • Combining low-resolution gravity models from the Swarm satellites with spatial modes from GRACE data.
  • Utilizing advanced data assimilation techniques to reduce noise in Swarm gravity solutions.
  • Reconstructing monthly mass variability maps and comparing them with GRACE data.

Main Results:

  • Swarm data, when combined with GRACE, significantly reduces noise in gravity solutions.
  • Root mean square errors for basin averages are reduced to approximately 1.5 cm of equivalent water height.
  • Useful mass variability information can be retrieved for basins as small as 200,000 km².
  • Swarm data effectively informs the leading three global mass modes identified by GRACE.
  • Reconstructed maps show an uncertainty of about 1.2 cm of equivalent water height.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of Swarm and GRACE data successfully bridges the mission gap, providing continuous monitoring of Earth's mass changes.
  • Swarm satellite data offers a valuable resource for enhancing the accuracy and resolution of gravity field models.
  • This approach demonstrates the potential for improved understanding of hydrological, cryospheric, and oceanic variability crucial for climate studies.