Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

13.0K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.0K
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

4.8K
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
4.8K
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

1.5K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
1.5K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.2K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.2K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

509
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
509
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

932
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
932
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Oncology And Carcinogenesis
  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. Immune Determinants Of Covid-19 Disease Presentation And Severity

Immune determinants of COVID-19 disease presentation and severity

Petter Brodin1,2

  • 1Science for Life Laboratory, Department. of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. petter.brodin@ki.se.

Nature Medicine
|January 14, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.6K
Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

6.4K
Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
03:53

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

1.6K

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Age and sex significantly influence COVID-19 severity and outcomes. While older individuals and men face higher risks for severe acute disease, women may be more prone to long COVID, highlighting immune system differences.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • COVID-19 presents a spectrum of severity, from mild illness to life-threatening disease and persistent symptoms.
  • Age and sex are key determinants of COVID-19 disease presentation and severity, with distinct patterns observed in different demographic groups.
  • Beyond acute infection, long COVID and postinfectious hyperinflammatory syndromes represent significant outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the immunological factors underlying COVID-19 disease presentation and severity.
  • To correlate observed disease patterns with known immune system differences between age groups and sexes.
  • To understand the immunological basis for varied COVID-19 outcomes, including long COVID and hyperinflammation.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.6K
Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

6.4K
Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
03:53

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

1.6K
  • Review and synthesis of current research on COVID-19 immunology and disease outcomes.
  • Analysis of demographic data concerning disease severity, acute infection, and long COVID.
  • Comparison of immunological profiles across different age groups (children, adults, elderly) and sexes (male, female).

    • Main Results:

    • Individuals over 65 and men exhibit a higher risk for severe acute COVID-19 and intensive care requirements.
    • Young children generally experience less severe acute COVID-19 compared to other respiratory viral infections.
    • Long COVID appears more prevalent in women than in men, suggesting sex-specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.

    Conclusions:

    • Immunological determinants, influenced by age and sex, play a critical role in shaping COVID-19 disease severity and presentation.
    • Understanding these immune system differences is crucial for predicting individual risk and developing targeted interventions for COVID-19 and its sequelae.
    • Further research into sex- and age-specific immune responses is warranted to address the diverse clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.