Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
Published on: September 18, 2016
Synthesis and characterization of [7]triangulene
Shantanu Mishra1, Kun Xu, Kristjan Eimre
1nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland. roman.fasel@empa.ch pascal.ruffieux@empa.ch.
Abstract:
Triangulene and its π-extended homologues constitute non-Kekulé polyradical frameworks with high-spin ground states, and are anticipated to be key components of organic spintronic devices. We report a combined in-solution and on-surface synthesis of the hitherto largest triangulene homologue, [7]triangulene (C78H24), consisting of twenty-eight benzenoid rings fused in a triangular fashion. We employ low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy to confirm the chemical structure of individual molecules adsorbed on a Cu(111) surface. While neutral [7]triangulene in the gas phase is predicted to have an open-shell septet ground state; our scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements, in combination with density functional theory calculations, reveal chemisorption of [7]triangulene on Cu(111) together with considerable charge transfer, resulting in a closed-shell state. Furthermore, substantial hybridization between the molecular orbitals of [7]triangulene is observed.
Related Concept Videos
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview
Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers....
Structure of Conjugated Dienes
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model
He proposed that benzene has a cyclic structure of six carbon atoms attached to one hydrogen atom each, with three alternating pi bonds.
Conformations of Cyclohexane
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...

