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Updated: Nov 21, 2025

In Vitro Method to Control Concentrations of Halogenated Gases in Cultured Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Published on: October 23, 2018
[Inhalational anesthetics]
Jan Jedlicka1, Philipp Groene2, Julia Linhart2
1Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Chirurgische Klinik Nußbaumstraße, LMU Klinikum, Campus Innenstadt, Nußbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland. Jan.Jedlicka@med.uni-muenchen.de.
Abstract:
Inhalational anesthetics have been used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia for more than 150 years. All of the currently used inhalational anesthetics are chlorinated and fluorinated derivatives of ether. Dosing is carried out using the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) concept. The pharmacokinetic properties of the various inhalational anesthetics are governed by the specific distribution coefficients. Mechanisms of action include specific modulations of various receptors of the central nervous system as well as an unspecific interaction with the cell membrane. Organ toxicity of modern inhalational anesthetics is considered to be minimal. The role of inhalational anesthetics in the context of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has been reassessed in recent years. The superiority of inhalational anesthetics over intravenous hypnotics with respect to intraoperative awareness is undisputed. The organ protective mechanism of preconditioning is an exclusive property of inhalational anesthetics among all the currently available hypnotics.
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