Looking into the mind's eye: Directed and evaluated imagery vividness modulates imagery-perception congruency effects

While most people have had the experience of seeing a representation in the mind's eye, it is an open question whether we have control over the vividness of these representations. The present study explored this issue by using an imagery-perception interface whereby color imagery was used to prime congruent color targets in visual search. In Experiments 1a and 1b, participants were required to report the vividness of an imagined representation after generating it, and in Experiment 2, participants were directed to create an imagined representation with particular vividness prior to generating it. The analyses revealed that the magnitude of the imagery congruency effect increased with both reported and directed vividness. The findings here strongly support the notion that participants have metacognitive awareness of the mind's eye and willful control over the vividness of its representations.