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Updated: Nov 21, 2025

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

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Maxillary reconstruction with scapular tip chimeric free flap.

Andrea Ferri¹, Giuseppe Perlangeli¹, Bernardo Bianchi¹

¹Maxillo-Facial Surgery Division, Head and Neck Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.

|January 14, 2021

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The scapular tip free flap (STFF) is a highly effective method for reconstructing maxillary defects. This technique offers excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes with minimal donor site complications.

Area of Science:

Microsurgery
Reconstructive surgery
Head and neck surgery

Background:

Maxillary defects pose significant reconstructive challenges.
The scapular tip free flap (STFF) is a versatile option for head and neck reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of the scapular tip free flap (STFF) for maxillary defect reconstruction.
To assess complications, functional outcomes, and aesthetic results of STFF in maxillary reconstruction.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 53 patients undergoing maxillary reconstruction with STFF.
Evaluation of flap survival, complications, mouth opening, dental rehabilitation, and patient-reported aesthetic outcomes.

Main Results:

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All 53 flaps survived with minimal bone resorption and minor muscular necrosis in two patients.

Good mouth opening (>3 cm) was achieved in 41 patients.

Excellent or good aesthetic results were reported by 47 patients, with successful dental rehabilitation in 35.

Conclusions:

The STFF is an indispensable tool for head and neck microsurgery, offering low donor site morbidity and a long pedicle.
STFF is the preferred choice for small posterolateral maxillary defects and complex midface defects.
The technique provides excellent functional and aesthetic restoration for patients with maxillary defects.