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Aude Nguyen1, Klara Posfay-Barbe2, Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner3

  • 1Service des maladies infectieuses, Département de médecine, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|January 14, 2021
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Infectious disease news in 2020 includes COVID-19 insights, non-inferiority of shorter antibiotic courses for Gram-negative bacteremia, and new flu antiviral approval. Vitamin D showed no benefit for childhood tuberculosis prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The year 2020 was dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating a review of current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2.
  • Significant advancements and guideline updates occurred across various infectious disease domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key developments in infectious diseases during 2020.
  • To highlight findings related to COVID-19, antibiotic stewardship, tuberculosis, influenza, and hepatitis C.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the Swiss "PIRATE" project findings on antibiotic duration for Gram-negative bacteremia.
  • Analysis of a Mongolian study on vitamin D for tuberculosis prevention in children.
  • Inclusion of Swissmedic approval for baloxavir (influenza antiviral) and new US guidelines for vancomycin monitoring and hepatitis C screening.

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Main Results:

  • The "PIRATE" project demonstrated non-inferiority of CRP-guided or 7-day antibiotic durations compared to 14-day durations for Gram-negative bacteremia.
  • Vitamin D substitution did not show protective benefits against tuberculosis in children.
  • Baloxavir, a novel influenza antiviral, received Swissmedic approval.
  • New US recommendations were published for therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin and universal hepatitis C virus screening.

Conclusions:

  • Shorter, guided antibiotic durations may be effective for Gram-negative bacteremia, improving stewardship.
  • Vitamin D is not a viable prophylactic measure against tuberculosis in pediatric populations.
  • The landscape of infectious disease management continues to evolve with new antivirals and updated clinical guidelines.