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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Renal Drug Clearance: Overview01:06

Renal Drug Clearance: Overview

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Renal clearance is a crucial parameter in pharmacokinetics that quantifies the rate at which the kidneys excrete a drug. It represents a constant fraction of the central volume of distribution containing the drug that the kidney eliminates per unit of time.
Renal clearance can be calculated using different methods. One approach is to divide the urinary drug excretion rate by the plasma drug concentration. This method directly measures renal clearance, indicating the kidneys' efficiency in...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Overview01:15

Renal Drug Excretion: Overview

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As primary excretory organs, the kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing waste substances from the bloodstream. They comprise over a million units called nephrons, which serve as the kidney's functional units.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats
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[Nephrology : what's new in 2020 ?]

Patrick Saudan1, Sophie De Seigneux1, Fadi Haidar1

  • 1Service de néphrologie, Département de médecine, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|January 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Recent advancements in kidney disease treatment include gliflozines for non-diabetic nephropathies, tolvaptan for hyponatremia, and improved hemodialysis fistula management. New strategies also offer hope for uremic pruritus and kidney transplant patients.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Gliflozines show promise in non-diabetic kidney disease and heart failure.
  • Tolvaptan is approved for hyponatremia treatment.
  • Advances are being made in hemodialysis, uremic pruritus, and kidney transplantation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in nephrology and related fields.
  • To highlight new therapeutic options and predictive tools.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies and clinical findings.
  • Synthesis of information on novel treatments and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Gliflozines demonstrate efficacy beyond diabetes.

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  • Tolvaptan offers a new option for hyponatremia.
  • Progress in managing hemodialysis access and uremic pruritus.
  • Immune cell therapy may reduce immunosuppression needs in transplant recipients.
  • A new score predicts long-term graft failure.
  • Conclusions:

    • Multiple therapeutic avenues are expanding for kidney disease patients.
    • Novel approaches are improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
    • Predictive tools enhance long-term graft survival monitoring.