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Spatio-Temporal Flexibility of Attention Inferred from Drivers' Steering Movements.

Emanuele Rizzi1, Richard J Jagacinski2, Benjamin J Bloom3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|January 14, 2021
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Drivers performed better with a fuller view of the roadway, concentrating attention within the first 0.3 seconds. This finding offers insights into visual attention and optimal control in driving.

Keywords:
attentioncontrol theorydrivingperceptual- motor bufferpreview

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Area of Science:

  • Human-computer interaction
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Automotive engineering

Background:

  • Understanding driver attention is crucial for developing advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS).
  • Previous research suggests drivers utilize visual preview information to control vehicles.
  • The precise allocation of attention within the preview horizon remains an area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how drivers allocate visual attention within the roadway preview time.
  • To determine the impact of restricted visual preview on driving performance.
  • To compare driving performance with different preview durations and attentional focus.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a car-following task on a simulated winding roadway.
  • Fourier analysis was used to analyze steering movements and infer attentional allocation.
  • Driving performance was assessed using root-mean-squared error, velocity error, and acceleration error.
  • Experimental conditions included full 1.0s preview and restricted preview slits at 0.3s and 0.6s.

Main Results:

  • Drivers could flexibly shift attention between different preview time windows.
  • Driving performance, measured by error metrics, was significantly better with a full 1.0s preview compared to restricted views.
  • Attention was primarily concentrated in the 0.1s to 0.3s preview range.
  • Attentional allocation patterns were qualitatively consistent with optimal control models.

Conclusions:

  • A wider visual preview of the roadway enhances driving performance.
  • Drivers naturally focus their attention on the near-field preview, crucial for immediate control.
  • Findings support the integration of preview-based information in driver models and ADAS design.