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Conserved and Divergent Mechanisms That Control TORC1 in Yeasts and Mammals

Yuichi Morozumi1, Kazuhiro Shiozaki1,2

  • 1Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.

Genes
|January 15, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) regulates cell growth and metabolism. This review explores conserved and divergent mechanisms of TORC1 regulation in yeast and mammals, focusing on RAG GTPases and their role in TORC1 activity.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is a crucial regulator of cellular growth, metabolism, and aging, conserved across eukaryotes.
  • Dysregulated TORC1 signaling is implicated in various human diseases, including cancer.
  • RAG small GTPases and their regulators are key to understanding TORC1 regulation, with conserved roles from yeast to humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of TORC1 regulators' functions on yeast vacuoles.
  • To illustrate the conserved and divergent mechanisms of TORC1 regulation between yeast and mammals.
  • To highlight the role of RAG GTPases in TORC1 regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on TORC1 regulation in yeast and mammals.
  • Comparative analysis of RAG GTPase functions in different model organisms.
  • Focus on vacuolar/lysosomal TORC1 recruitment and activity modulation.

Main Results:

  • RAG GTPases are essential for TORC1 activation in mammals via lysosomal recruitment.
  • In fission yeast, RAG GTPases primarily attenuate TORC1 activity on vacuoles.
  • Significant conserved and divergent mechanisms exist in TORC1 regulation between yeast and mammals.

Conclusions:

  • TORC1 regulation involves conserved pathways but exhibits species-specific adaptations.
  • Yeast vacuoles and mammalian lysosomes serve as critical platforms for TORC1 regulation.
  • Further research into these mechanisms can offer insights into disease and aging.
Keywords:
GTPaseTOR complex 1 (TORC1)target of rapamycin (TOR)yeast

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